ICNC Glossary of Key Terms - Sindhi
The first step in creating high-quality translations in the field of civil resistance is translating key terms.
Initially, we developed a list of 91 key terms that had specific meaning in the field of civil resistance and worked with translators to translate these terms. We have subsequently expanded this list to 159 terms, and ICNC President Hardy Merriman and ICNC Senior Advisor Nicola Barrach have produced a glossary (to be published in 2019) that defines each of these terms and provides commentary on each and examples of usage.
You can see standardized translations of key terms in Sindhi below.
| English | Sindh | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accommodation (as a result of civil resistance) | ||
| 2 | Accommodate (as a result of civil resistance) | ||
| 3 | Accountability | احتساب | |
| 4 | Activist | ڪارڪن | |
| 5 | Adversary | ||
| 6 | Agency (human agency) | ايجنسي | |
| 7 | Agent provocateur | ||
| 8 | Ally (verb) | ||
| 9 | Ally (noun) | ||
| 10 | Alternative institutions | متبادل ادارا | |
| 11 | Authoritarian rule | جبر تي ٻڌل حڪومت | |
| 12 | Authority | اعلا اختيار | |
| 13 | Backlash | الٽو اثر | |
| 14 | Backfire (verb) | منفي نتيجو | |
| 15 | Backfire (noun) | ||
| 16 | Banners | بينرس | |
| 17 | Blockade (associated with civil resistance) (noun) | روستا روڪ | |
| 18 | Blockade (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 19 | Boycott (noun) | بائيڪاٽ | |
| 20 | Boycott (verb) | ||
| 21 | Campaigns (associated with civil resistance) (noun) | مھم | |
| 22 | Campaign (verb) | ||
| 23 | Capacity | صلاحيت | |
| 24 | Civil disobedience | شھري بغاوت | |
| 25 | Civil resistance | شھري مزاحمت | |
| 26 | Civil society | سول سوسائٽي | |
| 27 | Civilian-based defense | ||
| 28 | Coalition | ||
| 29 | Commission, tactic(s) or act(s) of | ||
| 30 | Concentration, tactic(s) of | ||
| 31 | Conditions | ||
| 32 | Consent (political) (noun) | رصامندي | |
| 33 | Consent (political) (verb) | ||
| 34 | Conflict (noun) | اختلافي راءِ رکندڙ | |
| 35 | Constructive programme (or “constructive program”) | ||
| 36 | Conversion | ||
| 37 | Coup d’etat (or “coup”) | فوجي آمريت | |
| 38 | Crackdown (noun) | يلغار | |
| 39 | Crackdown (verb) | ||
| 40 | Defect (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 41 | Defection | انحراف | |
| 42 | Demonstration | ||
| 43 | Dictatorship | آمريت | |
| 44 | Dilemma action | ||
| 45 | Direct action | ||
| 46 | Disintegration (associated with civil resistance) | ||
| 47 | Dispersion, tactics of | ||
| 48 | Disrupt | ||
| 49 | Dissent (noun) | ||
| 50 | Dissident | غير مقلد | |
| 51 | Disruption | منتشر | |
| 52 | Dynamics (of civil resistance) | متحرڪ | |
| 53 | Empower | ||
| 54 | Empowerment | ||
| 55 | Escalate (in conflict) (verb) | ||
| 56 | Escalation (in conflict) (noun) | ||
| 57 | External actor | ||
| 58 | External support | ٻاھرين مدد | |
| 59 | Failure (associated with civil resistance) | ||
| 60 | Frame (communication) (verb) | ||
| 61 | Frame (communication) (noun) | ||
| 62 | Freedom (political) | سياسي آزادي | |
| 63 | Freedom of Assembly | ||
| 64 | Freedom of Association | ||
| 65 | Freedom of Speech (or freedom of expression) | اظھار جي آزادي | |
| 66 | Goal | ||
| 67 | Grassroots (adjective) | اصل بنياد | |
| 68 | Grassroots (noun) | ||
| 69 | Grand strategy | وڏي حڪمت عملي | |
| 70 | Grievances | شڪايتون | |
| 71 | Human rights defender (HRD) | ||
| 72 | Leadership | ||
| 73 | Legitimacy | ساک | |
| 74 | Loyalty shift | ||
| 75 | Mass demonstration | عوامي احتجاج | |
| 76 | Mechanisms of change | ||
| 77 | Methods of nonviolent action | عدم تشدد تي ٻڌل عمل جا طريقا | |
| 78 | Marches | مارچ | |
| 79 | Mobilization | ||
| 80 | Mobilizing | تياري | |
| 81 | Movement | تحرڪ | |
| 82 | Non-state actor | ||
| 83 | Nonviolent (or non-violent) | عدم تشدد | |
| 84 | Noncooperation | لاڳاپا ٽوڙڻ | |
| 85 | Nonviolent action | عدم تشدد تي ٻڌل قدم | |
| 86 | Nonviolent coercion | عدم تشدد تي ٻڌل دٻاءُ | |
| 87 | Nonviolent conflict | عدم تشدد تي ٻڌل تضاد | |
| 88 | Nonviolent direct action | ||
| 89 | Nonviolent discipline | عدم تشدد تي ٻڌل ظابطو | |
| 90 | Nonviolence (religious, ethical, etc.) | مذھبي ۽ نسلي عدم تشدد | |
| 91 | Nonviolent intervention | عدم تشدد تي ٻڌل مداخلت | |
| 92 | Nonviolent struggle | عدم تشدد واري جدوجھد | |
| 93 | Obedience | طابعدار | |
| 94 | Obey | ||
| 95 | Objective (noun) | ||
| 96 | Omission, act(s) or tactic(s) of | ||
| 97 | Opponents | مخالف | |
| 98 | Opposition groups | مخالف گروھ | |
| 99 | Organizer | انتظام ڪندڙ | |
| 100 | Parallel institution | متبادل ادارا | |
| 101 | People of support | ||
| 102 | Pillars of support | حمايت جا بنياد | |
| 103 | Plan (noun) | ||
| 104 | Plan (verb) | ||
| 105 | Political defiance | سياسي بغاوت | |
| 106 | Political ju-jitsu | حڪومتي پرتشدد عمل جا اڳرا نتيجا نڪرڻ | |
| 107 | Political noncooperation | سياسي عدم تعاون | |
| 108 | Political power | سياسي طاقت | |
| 109 | People power | عوامي طاقت | |
| 110 | Power | ||
| 111 | Power holder | ||
| 112 | Planning | منصوبه بندي | |
| 113 | Pragmatic nonviolence | عمليت پسند | |
| 114 | Protest (noun) | احتجاج | |
| 115 | Protest (verb) | ||
| 116 | Rally (noun) | ||
| 117 | Resistance movement | مزاحمتي تحريڪ | |
| 118 | Repress | ||
| 119 | Repression | جبر تي ٻڌل قدم | |
| 120 | Resilience | بحاليءَ جي طاقت | |
| 121 | Revolution (social, political, or economic) | ||
| 122 | Sanctions | پابنديون | |
| 123 | Self-determination | ||
| 124 | Self-organize | ||
| 125 | Self-organization | پاڻ منظم ٿيڻ | |
| 126 | Self-reliance | پاڻ ڀرو ٿيڻ | |
| 127 | Skills (in civil resistance context) | هنر | |
| 128 | Sources of power | طاقت جا ذريعا | |
| 129 | Strategic nonviolent struggle | حڪمت عملي تي ٻڌل عدم تشدد واري جدوجھد | |
| 130 | Semi-authoritarian rule | ||
| 131 | Self-rule | حق حڪمراني | |
| 132 | Sit-in | ڌرڻو | |
| 133 | Student Strikes | شاگردن جي ھڙتال | |
| 134 | Strategic plan | حڪمت عملي تي ٻڌل منصوبو | |
| 135 | Strategize | ||
| 136 | Strategy | حڪمت عملي | |
| 137 | Strike (noun) | ھڙتال | |
| 138 | Strike (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 139 | Structural conditions (see also conditions) | بنيادي شرتون | |
| 140 | Success | ڪاميابي | |
| 141 | Tactic | گر | |
| 142 | Tactical innovation | ||
| 143 | Tactics of commission | ڪميشن جاگر | |
| 144 | Tactics of concentration (see also Concenration, tactics of) | منتشر ڪرڻ جا گر | |
| 145 | Tactics of dispersion (see also Dispersion, tactics of) | لڪائڻ جا گر | |
| 146 | Tactics of omission | ترڪ ڪرڻ جا گر | |
| 147 | Tactical sequencing | ترتيب ڏيڻ جا گر | |
| 148 | Third party (or “third-party”) | ||
| 149 | Train | ||
| 150 | Training | تربيت | |
| 151 | Unarmed Insurrection | بغير ھٿيارن جي جدوجھد | |
| 152 | Unite | ||
| 153 | Unity | ايڪو | |
| 154 | Uprising | اڀار | |
| 155 | Violence | ||
| 156 | Violent Flank | پرتشدد انتھاپسندي | |
| 157 | Vision (of a civil resistance movement) | وزن | |
| 158 | Walk-out (or “walkout”) (noun) | واڪ آئوٽ | |
| 159 | Walk-out (verb) |